MassachusettsHISTORY EXPLORERS GRADES 3–8
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Quick glossary
evidence
Information from a source that helps us test a claim.
source
A document, object, image, or account we can examine.
inference
An explanation based on clues; it still needs checking.
migration
Moving from one place to another to live.
immigrant
A person who moves to another country to live.
estimate
An approximate amount, based on available information.
oral history
A recorded interview about someone’s memories and experiences.
community
People connected by a place, relationships, or shared activities.
ancestry
Family origins across generations.
primary source
Evidence created by someone who experienced a time or event.

Landforms & geology

Look for hills, valleys, rocks, and clues left by glaciers. A topographic map uses contour lines to show the shape of the land.

Showing 7 of 7 resources

Official local sample of USGS 1:24,000 surficial geology, with the original geology legend.
Official local sample of USGS 1:24,000 surficial geology, with the original geology legend.MassGIS / Commonwealth of Massachusetts Image source ↗
physical

Surficial geology — clues left by glaciers

statewide · 2000s

Study the sand, gravel, and other materials near the ground surface.

A question to investigate

Where might moving ice have left different materials?

Dig deeper · grades 6–8

Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.

Open the interactive map ↗
Official statewide lidar-derived digital elevation model and shaded-relief sample.
Official statewide lidar-derived digital elevation model and shaded-relief sample.MassGIS / Commonwealth of Massachusetts Image source ↗
physical

Hills, valleys, and terrain

statewide · 2000s

A shaded relief layer makes high and low land easier to spot.

A question to investigate

How does western Massachusetts look different from Cape Cod?

Dig deeper · grades 6–8

Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.

Open the interactive map ↗
Official historic coastal topographic sample showing New Bedford and Fairhaven.
Official historic coastal topographic sample showing New Bedford and Fairhaven.MassGIS / U.S. Geological Survey Image source ↗
historical

Historic coastal topographic maps

statewide · 1900s

Explore older coastal maps alongside present-day map layers.

A question to investigate

What has changed along the same shoreline?

Dig deeper · grades 6–8

Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.

Explore the official source ↗
Summer-use sheet of the Mount Greylock State Reservation and Greylock Glen trail map, 2019 (PDF page 1).
Summer-use sheet of the Mount Greylock State Reservation and Greylock Glen trail map, 2019 (PDF page 1).Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation Image source ↗
physical

Mount Greylock trail map

regional · 2000s

Follow trails and elevation clues around Massachusetts’ highest mountain.

A question to investigate

Which route climbs most directly toward the summit?

Dig deeper · grades 6–8

Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.

Explore the official source ↗
Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, USGS 1986 topographic map at 1:100,000.
Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, USGS 1986 topographic map at 1:100,000.U.S. Geological Survey Image source ↗
historical

Martha’s Vineyard USGS topographic map

Vineyard · 1900s

Read contour lines, settlements, roads, and water on an island topographic map.

A question to investigate

Where are the hills and where is the land flatter?

Dig deeper · grades 6–8

Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.

Explore the official source ↗
Geological map of Massachusetts
Geological map of Massachusetts — [1832]Boston Public Library / Norman B. Leventhal Map & Education Center; Hitchcock, Edward, 1793-1864 Image source ↗
physical

Geological map of Massachusetts

statewide · 1800s

Compare colored rock regions in a nineteenth-century geology map.

A question to investigate

Do rock boundaries follow town boundaries?

Dig deeper · grades 6–8

Compare the map’s creator, date, purpose, scale, and missing information with a second map. Explain what changed and what stayed connected.

Explore the official source ↗
Map collection

USGS topoView

Choose a Massachusetts location and compare topographic map editions.

What changed between the oldest and newest editions?

Open the official map resource ↗

Sources checked September 23, 2026. Open the source for current programs, hours, access, and map updates. Historical maps may contain outdated language or incomplete representations of Native homelands.

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